You can, but you cannot react to auto-shimmy strings because the start up looks like a throw animation or to forward and back throw respectively for obvious reasons.
Throws are powerful yet balanced considering krushing blow d+2s are every character's most damaging launchers, which also lead to massive unbreakable damage with fatal blows. So even if you are comfortably sitting at 45% life, whiffing a throw will kill you.
Claiming that the game was designed in a way to attract casual gamers is most definitely a legitimate criticism, but claiming that the game is random is nonsense. There is no evidence in the competitive scene to support this claim. Tournament results are stable and consistent. The better player, including the player who puts in the time and work, always wins. Players may lose to certain match ups and variations due to unfamiliarity, but this has absolutely nothing to do with randomness and is no different from any other fighting game.
Some of the game's gameplay aspects can be criticized fairly such as the inconsistent hitboxes, the armor on fatal blows, and the variation system, which NRS may actually pay attention to. Making up stuff about the game just because you dislike it serves no purpose and accomplishes nothing.