Does Tekken have an easy way to tell punishes? I know Harada won't include frame data for whatever backwards reasoning, but is there anything in training mode to help or am I doing it the hard way (record CPU and run through my options)?
There is a rule book, might as well break it down to you.
Punishable moves starts at -10 and goes higher, so anything under this is safe with the exception of Yoshimitsu and pushback moves with similar frame data that can only be punished if there is a situational event like no pushback because you blocked while you were at the wall.
Universaly
-10: 10f jabs, since AKuma is in the game, if he has meter he can cancel into DPs for a 10f launch, its going to be glorious.
-11: ws4 , some characters have it others don't.
-12: almost every character has a 12f mid of some sort, its different for each character
-13: This is also a mid, with a few characters being able to launch at -13, Kazuya with ws1,2 and his mist step EWGF which is 13f
-14 - Mishimas can launch it with eletrics including kazuya and Jin, a few characters have ws2 that its i14 as a launcher
-15: Almost the entire cast has i15 launchers, so at this point towards everything is launch punishable in the game.
Yoshimitsu is the only character that can punish things at -9 with his flash, but he has to be super close otherwise it won't work
A few moves in tekken like Jin Zen~1+2 its -13 on block but there is a lot of push back so no i13 move has range to hit him in time, Heihachi ff2 follows the same principle though Jin's F4 is an i16 normal with a lot of range and can punish it while no one else can.